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Two-tower retriever opus-high-02

The full recorded conversation, expanded from start to finish: instructions, agent messages, and tool inputs and responses.

Thinking text is unavailable for this run. The archive contains 14 empty thinking entries; tool calls are shown separately.

Agent
opus-5.0 · Claude Code · high effort
Recorded conversation
25:49 · 25 steps
Private reward
0.009163 · Failed
Attempt cost
$1.42
  • Thinking
  • Model text
  • Tool call
  • Tool response
01

Task instructions

+00:00
Task instructions

Build a latency-efficient PyTorch two-tower neural-network ranker

Build a two-tower neural network in CPU PyTorch for the "Made for You" shelf of a music streaming service. Although the supplied benchmark is small, it represents a production system with millions of users and millions of items; the training approach must scale to that setting and therefore must not construct or decompose a global user-item interaction matrix. The production shelf has a strict request-time latency budget. Candidate item embeddings are computed offline and stored in a nearest-neighbor index. At request time, the system computes one user embedding and retrieves items by maximum inner-product search.

The model must therefore decompose exactly into a user vector and an independently precomputable item vector of the same dimensionality, with the final relevance score equal to their dot product. Both vectors must be produced by separate trainable user and item towers implemented as PyTorch neural networks. The user tower must derive its representation from interaction history rather than a user-ID lookup. Per-user candidate eligibility, cutoff-specific explicit preference state, and a temporal backtest are provided. Candidate eligibility is platform-owned; all modeling within that candidate boundary is in scope.

Data

All inputs are under /task/data/. Training data ends at timestamp 24786800. A 30-minute gap precedes a seven-day public validation window. The hidden test is the following seven-day window after another 30-minute gap.

For each event family there is a train_*.parquet and val_*.parquet file:

FamilyMeaningColumns
listensPlayback eventsuid, timestamp, item_id, is_organic, played_ratio_pct, track_length_seconds
likesExplicit positive actionsuid, timestamp, item_id, is_organic
dislikesExplicit negative actionsuid, timestamp, item_id, is_organic
unlikesReversal of a prior likeuid, timestamp, item_id, is_organic
undislikesReversal of a prior dislikeuid, timestamp, item_id, is_organic

is_organic=1 means the listener sought out the track; 0 means the action came through a recommendation surface. A listen is a conventional positive at 50% completion. The discovery-quality objective below uses the stronger 80% threshold.

The two public windows have different roles:

  1. Build and tune a validation ranker using only train_* as history and val_* as subsequent outcomes.
  2. After selecting the approach, refit it on train_* + val_*. At hidden-test time the validation events are observed history, not recommendable outcomes.

Do not use val_* events as features when measuring a validation ranking. They may and should be used when refitting the final hidden-test ranker.

Additional files under /task/data/:

  • candidate_catalog.parquet: the 30,000 retrieval-catalog tracks, ordered by training positive-listen popularity.
  • target_users.parquet: users with at least 20 positive listens in the 90 days before the training cutoff, selected without future labels.
  • validation_preference_state.parquet: active explicit state at the training cutoff, for validation ranking.
  • test_preference_state.parquet: active explicit state after validation, for the final hidden-test ranking. State is liked or disliked; a pair may have both active channels.
  • validation_eligible_candidates.npz and test_eligible_candidates.npz: cutoff-correct candidate sets for every target user. Each contains aligned arrays uids, item_ids, and packed_eligible. For user row r, recover the Boolean item mask with np.unpackbits(packed_eligible[r], count=len(item_ids), bitorder="little").

The exact available Python distribution inventory is listed in /task/requirements.txt. Future test interactions are hidden and used only by the separate Harbor verifier.

Discovery objective

Rank only the candidates returned for the relevant cutoff. Relevance is based on organic behavior in the immediately following window:

  • grade 3: the user organically likes the track;
  • grade 1: the user organically listens to at least 80% of the track;
  • grade 0: otherwise.

If both positive events occur, grade 3 wins. Ranking quality is measured with graded NDCG@10. DCG uses gain 2^grade - 1 and discount 1/log2(rank + 1), then averages per-user NDCG over users with at least one relevant item.

The public evaluator reports this objective for development, but its score is not a separate acceptance stage. Final acceptance is determined on the hidden test using the same objective.

The Yambda logs contain interactions, not impression propensities. Treat the organic objective as a robust offline target, not as a causal estimate of online lift.

Public tools

/task/evaluate_public.py scores a validation-stage ranking against the public window. Pass the path to a ranking with the same schema as the final deliverable:

python /task/evaluate_public.py solution/validation.parquet

Stage-independent evaluation helpers are available in /task/ranking_evaluation.py. The builder installs the same checked-in module in the public agent image and private verifier image so scoring mechanics cannot drift. The public copy contains no hidden labels, evaluator-owned data paths, or pass thresholds.

The public evaluator uses validation_eligible_candidates.npz; it is not a validator for the final artifact. No model implementation, fitted representation, or example submission is supplied. Design and tune the required PyTorch neural two-tower model, then refit the selected approach as described above.

Deliverable

Write /app/solution/submission.parquet or /app/solution/submission.csv, with exactly 100 rows for every target user and columns uid, item_id, rank. Ranks must be the integers 1-100 with no ties or duplicate items. Every submitted item must be present in that user's test_eligible_candidates.npz candidate set.

Leave the code that defines, trains, and applies both towers, along with a concise /app/solution/README.md, in /app/solution/. The README should state the model architecture, training objective, public validation score, and final submission command. Keep the best valid submission saved throughout the attempt so it survives the deadline.

Constraints

  • Write deliverables and intermediate artifacts only under /app/solution/.
  • Treat /task/ and the installed Python environment as read-only.
  • Do not invoke nested agents or attempt to access verifier files, credentials, other trials, or host paths.
  • Do not install packages or use network access except for the model provider connection managed by Harbor.
  • The environment includes CPU PyTorch 2.8.0. No accelerator is available.
  • You have up to 60 minutes. Improve the model as much as possible within that limit. Structural validity alone is not sufficient; the final submission is also evaluated for ranking quality.
Harness context deferred tools delta
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Harness context agent listing delta
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    "- Explore: Read-only search agent for broad fan-out searches — when answering means sweeping many files, directories, or naming conventions and you only need the conclusion, not the file dumps. It reads excerpts rather than whole files, so it locates code; it doesn't review or audit it. Specify search breadth: \"medium\" for moderate exploration, \"very thorough\" for multiple locations and naming conventions. (Tools: All tools except Agent, Artifact, ExitPlanMode, Edit, Write, NotebookEdit)",
    "- general-purpose: General-purpose agent for researching complex questions, searching for code, and executing multi-step tasks. When you are searching for a keyword or file and are not confident that you will find the right match in the first few tries use this agent to perform the search for you. (Tools: *)",
    "- Plan: Software architect agent for designing implementation plans. Use this when you need to plan the implementation strategy for a task. Returns step-by-step plans, identifies critical files, and considers architectural trade-offs. (Tools: All tools except Agent, Artifact, ExitPlanMode, Edit, Write, NotebookEdit)",
    "- statusline-setup: Use this agent to configure the user's Claude Code status line setting. (Tools: Read, Edit)"
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  "removedTypes": [],
  "isInitial": true,
  "showConcurrencyNote": false
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Harness context skill listing
{
  "type": "skill_listing",
  "content": "- dataviz: Use this skill whenever you are about to create ANY chart, graph, plot, dashboard, or data visualization, in ANY output medium — an HTML or React artifact, inline SVG, plotting code in any library (matplotlib, plotly, d3, Recharts, …), an image/PNG you will render and upload, or a chart shared into Slack. Read it BEFORE writing the first line of chart code, choosing chart colors, building a stat tile / meter / KPI row, or laying out a dashboard. When the destination is a first-party document connector (host-designated, never self-described) that renders live charts, hand it the rows (inline, or as an uploaded data file the chart cites) rather than a rendered PNG/SVG — a picture of a chart loses hover, data inspection and per-value comments. Produces visualizations that read as one system — elegant, accessible, consistent in light and dark — using a brand-neutral placeholder palette you swap for your own. Teaches a design-system-agnostic method: a form heuristic, a color formula with a runnable validator, mark specs, and interaction rules. A validated default palette is documented in `references/palette.md` — swap that file's values for your brand's. Triggers on: \"chart\", \"graph\", \"plot\", \"data viz\", \"visualization\", \"dashboard\", \"analytics\", \"visualize data\", \"categorical colors\", \"sequential / diverging palette\", \"stat tile\", \"sparkline\", \"heatmap\", \"legend\", \"axis\", \"tooltip\", \"chart colors\", \"color by series\".\n- update-config: Use this skill to configure the Claude Code harness via settings.json. Automated behaviors (\"from now on when X\", \"each time X\", \"whenever X\", \"before/after X\") require hooks configured in settings.json - the harness executes these, not Claude, so memory/preferences cannot fulfill them. 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Also use when the user wants a one-time scheduled run (\"run this once at 3pm\", \"remind me to check X tomorrow\").\n- claude-api: Reference for the Claude API / Anthropic SDK — model ids, pricing, params, streaming, tool use, MCP, agents, caching, token counting, model migration.\nTRIGGER — read BEFORE opening the target file; don't skip because it \"looks like a one-liner\" — whenever: the prompt names Claude/Anthropic in any form (Claude, Anthropic, Fable, Opus, Sonnet, Haiku, `anthropic`, `@anthropic-ai`, `claude-*`, `us.anthropic.*`, `[1m]`); the user asks about an LLM (pricing/model choice/limits/caching) — never answer from memory; OR the task is LLM-shaped with provider unstated (agent/MCP/tool-definition/multi-agent/RAG/LLM-judge/computer-use; generate/summarize/extract/classify/rewrite/converse over NL; debugging refusals/cutoffs/streaming/tool-calls/tokens).\nSKIP only when another provider is being worked on (overrides all triggers): OpenAI/GPT/Gemini/Llama/Mistral/Cohere/Ollama named in the query; OR `grep -rE 'openai|langchain_openai|google.generativeai|genai|mistralai|cohere|ollama'` over the project hits (run this grep FIRST if no provider named — don't Read the file).\n- workflow-authoring: Reference for writing a Workflow tool script (script API and gotchas, resume, quality patterns, worked examples). Load before authoring a script for a workflow the user already opted into; it does not itself authorize running one.\n- run: Launch and drive this project's app to see a change working. Use when asked to run, start, or screenshot the app, or to confirm a change works in the real app (not just tests). First looks for a project skill that already covers launching the app; otherwise falls back to built-in patterns per project type (CLI, server, TUI, Electron, browser-driven, library).\n- init: Initialize a new CLAUDE.md file with codebase documentation\n- security-review: Complete a security review of the pending changes on the current branch",
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Harness context total tokens reminder
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02

List task files

+00:13

Model text

I'll start by exploring the data and environment.

Tool callBashList task files Returned

Tool call · Input

ls -la /task/ /task/data/ && cat /task/requirements.txt | head -50

Tool response

/task/:
total 36
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 29 00:50 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 29 00:53 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    0 Aug 29 00:37 .keep
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Aug 29 00:37 data
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 5774 Aug 29 00:37 evaluate_public.py
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 8265 Aug 29 00:37 ranking_evaluation.py
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 1295 Aug 29 00:37 requirements.txt

/task/data/:
total 347392
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root      4096 Aug 29 00:37 .
dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root      4096 Aug 29 00:50 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    349352 Aug 29 00:37 candidate_catalog.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root     84127 Aug 29 00:37 target_users.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   7736341 Aug 29 00:37 test_eligible_candidates.npz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1092329 Aug 29 00:37 test_preference_state.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    857213 Aug 29 00:37 train_dislikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   5374652 Aug 29 00:37 train_likes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 319183255 Aug 29 00:37 train_listens.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    155988 Aug 29 00:37 train_undislikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1855885 Aug 29 00:37 train_unlikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root     36571 Aug 29 00:37 val_dislikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root    298484 Aug 29 00:37 val_likes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   9947609 Aug 29 00:37 val_listens.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root      7845 Aug 29 00:37 val_undislikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root     72536 Aug 29 00:37 val_unlikes.parquet
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   7573821 Aug 29 00:37 validation_eligible_candidates.npz
-r--r--r-- 1 root root   1061761 Aug 29 00:37 validation_preference_state.parquet
# Exact distribution inventory for the Yambda two-tower task family.
#
# This is an input to `uv pip sync`, not a list of minimum requirements. A
# conforming task environment contains exactly these third-party Python
# distributions and no others. Python itself is pinned by task.toml and both
# Harbor image Dockerfiles.
attrs==26.1.0
bleach==6.4.0
certifi==2026.7.22
chardet==7.6.0
charset-normalizer==3.5.1
fastjsonschema==2.22.2
filelock==3.32.3
fsspec==2026.7.0
idna==3.18
Jinja2==3.1.6
joblib==1.5.3
jsonschema==4.26.0
jsonschema-specifications==2025.9.1
jupyter-core==5.9.1
jupytext==1.19.5
kaggle==2.2.4
kagglesdk==0.1.37
markdown-it-py==4.2.0
MarkupSafe==3.0.3
mdit-py-plugins==0.6.1
mdurl==0.1.2
mpmath==1.3.0
nbformat==5.11.1
networkx==3.6.1
numpy==2.2.6
packaging==26.3
pandas==2.3.3
pillow==12.3.0
pip==26.0.1
platformdirs==4.11.3
protobuf==7.35.1
pyarrow==18.1.0
python-dateutil==2.9.0.post0
python-dotenv==1.2.3
python-slugify==8.0.4
pytz==2026.3.post1
PyYAML==6.0.3
referencing==0.37.0
reportlab==4.2.5
requests==2.34.2
rpds-py==2026.6.3
scikit-learn==1.7.2
scipy==1.15.3
setuptools==84.0.0
Tool callBashRead evaluation helpers Returned

Tool call · Input

cat /task/ranking_evaluation.py

Tool response

"""Shared public primitives for Yambda discovery-ranking evaluation.

Both the solver-visible validation evaluator and the private submission judge
import this module from the generated task's ``public`` directory. It owns the
stage-independent contract: reading a ranking, validating its shape, converting
it to per-user rank order, looking up packed candidate eligibility, and
computing graded NDCG@10.

The module deliberately contains no event-derived labels, private artifact
paths, or pass thresholds. Each evaluator supplies its own relevance data and
per-cutoff eligibility checks around these common operations.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

from pathlib import Path

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd


__all__ = [
    "CandidateSet",
    "QUALITY_K",
    "RankingValidationError",
    "REQUIRED_COLUMNS",
    "TOP_N",
    "ndcg_at_k",
    "ranked_items",
    "read_ranking",
    "score_rankings",
    "validate_ranking",
]

TOP_N = 100
QUALITY_K = 10
REQUIRED_COLUMNS = ("uid", "item_id", "rank")


class RankingValidationError(ValueError):
    """Report a ranking-schema or structural-contract violation."""


class CandidateSet:
    """Provide membership lookups over one packed candidate-set archive.

    The archive contains aligned ``uids``, ``item_ids``, and
    ``packed_eligible`` arrays. Candidate column ``c`` is represented by bit
    ``c % 8`` of byte ``c // 8`` using little-endian bit order. Arrays are
    copied into memory so they remain valid after the archive is closed.
    """

    def __init__(self, path: Path):
        """Load an eligibility archive and build ID-to-position indexes.

        Args:
            path: Path to a ``.npz`` archive with the candidate-set schema.
        """
        with np.load(path, allow_pickle=False) as artifact:
            self.uids = artifact["uids"].astype(np.int64, copy=True)
            self.item_ids = artifact["item_ids"].astype(np.int64, copy=True)
            self.packed = artifact["packed_eligible"].astype(np.uint8, copy=True)
        self.uid_row = {int(uid): row for row, uid in enumerate(self.uids)}
        self.item_column = {
            int(item): column for column, item in enumerate(self.item_ids)
        }

    def is_eligible(self, uid: int, item_id: int) -> bool:
        """Return whether ``item_id`` is eligible for ``uid``.

        IDs absent from the target-user or candidate-item arrays are treated as
        ineligible rather than raising an exception.

        Args:
            uid: Target user ID to query.
            item_id: Candidate item ID to query.

        Returns:
            ``True`` only when the corresponding packed eligibility bit is set.
        """
        row = self.uid_row.get(int(uid))
        column = self.item_column.get(int(item_id))
        if row is None or column is None:
            return False
        byte, bit = divmod(column, 8)
        return bool((int(self.packed[row, byte]) >> bit) & 1)


def read_ranking(path: Path) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """Read a parquet or CSV ranking into a pandas frame.

    Args:
        path: Input path. A ``.parquet`` suffix selects parquet; every other
            suffix is interpreted as CSV.

    Returns:
        The ranking frame as loaded by pandas.
    """
    return pd.read_parquet(path) if path.suffix == ".parquet" else pd.read_csv(path)


def validate_ranking(
    frame: pd.DataFrame,
    targets: set[int],
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    """Normalize and validate the stage-independent ranking contract.

    Required values must be finite integers. The user set must exactly match
    ``targets``; every user must have 100 rows, distinct items, and each rank
    from 1 through 100 exactly once. Cutoff-specific candidate eligibility is
    intentionally left to the calling evaluator.

    Args:
        frame: Raw ranking frame. Extra columns are discarded from an internal
            copy; the caller's frame is not modified.
        targets: Exact set of target user IDs the ranking must cover.

    Returns:
        A normalized frame containing only the required ``int64`` columns.

    Raises:
        RankingValidationError: If the ranking violates the shared contract.
    """
    required = list(REQUIRED_COLUMNS)
    if not all(column in frame for column in required):
        raise RankingValidationError(f"submission requires columns {required}")

    normalized = frame[required].copy()
    for column in required:
        numeric = pd.to_numeric(normalized[column], errors="coerce")
        values = numeric.to_numpy(dtype=float)
        if numeric.isna().any() or not np.isfinite(values).all():
            raise RankingValidationError(
                f"submission {column} must be finite numeric values"
            )
        if not np.equal(numeric, np.floor(numeric)).all():
            raise RankingValidationError(
                f"submission {column} must contain integers"
            )
        normalized[column] = numeric.astype(np.int64)

    submitted_users = set(map(int, normalized.uid.unique()))
    if submitted_users != targets:
        raise RankingValidationError(
            f"submission user set mismatch: missing={len(targets - submitted_users)} "
            f"extra={len(submitted_users - targets)}"
        )
    counts = normalized.groupby("uid").size()
    if not (counts == TOP_N).all():
        raise RankingValidationError(
            f"submission must contain exactly {TOP_N} rows for every target user"
        )
    if normalized.duplicated(["uid", "item_id"]).any():
        raise RankingValidationError(
            "submission contains duplicate (uid, item_id) pairs"
        )
    valid_ranks = set(range(1, TOP_N + 1))
    ranks_are_valid = normalized.groupby("uid")["rank"].apply(
        lambda values: set(map(int, values)) == valid_ranks
    )
    if not ranks_are_valid.all():
        raise RankingValidationError(
            f"each user must have every rank from 1 through {TOP_N} exactly once"
        )
    return normalized


def ranked_items(frame: pd.DataFrame) -> dict[int, list[int]]:
    """Convert a validated ranking frame to ordered items keyed by user.

    Args:
        frame: Frame that has passed :func:`validate_ranking`.

    Returns:
        A ``uid -> item IDs`` mapping ordered by ascending rank.
    """
    ordered = frame.sort_values(["uid", "rank"])
    return {
        int(uid): list(map(int, values))
        for uid, values in ordered.groupby("uid").item_id
    }


def ndcg_at_k(ranked: list[int], gold: dict[int, int], k: int) -> float:
    """Compute graded normalized discounted cumulative gain at ``k``.

    Relevance gain is ``2**grade - 1`` and the discount at one-based rank
    ``r`` is ``1 / log2(r + 1)``. Items absent from ``gold`` have grade zero.

    Args:
        ranked: Item IDs in predicted rank order.
        gold: Mapping from relevant item IDs to integer relevance grades.
        k: Maximum number of predicted positions to score.

    Returns:
        For a valid duplicate-free ranking, NDCG in ``[0, 1]``; returns
        ``0.0`` when the ideal gain is zero.
    """
    gains = np.asarray([gold.get(item, 0) for item in ranked[:k]], dtype=np.float64)
    discounts = 1.0 / np.log2(np.arange(2, len(gains) + 2))
    dcg = float(np.sum((np.power(2.0, gains) - 1.0) * discounts))
    ideal = np.asarray(sorted(gold.values(), reverse=True)[:k], dtype=np.float64)
    ideal_discounts = 1.0 / np.log2(np.arange(2, len(ideal) + 2))
    idcg = float(np.sum((np.power(2.0, ideal) - 1.0) * ideal_discounts))
    return dcg / idcg if idcg else 0.0


def score_rankings(
    ranked: dict[int, list[int]],
    graded: dict[int, dict[int, int]],
) -> dict[str, float | int]:
    """Aggregate per-user NDCG@10 over users with relevance labels.

    Args:
        ranked: Ranked item IDs for every target user.
        graded: Relevant item grades keyed by user and item.

    Returns:
        The six-decimal ``quality_ndcg@10`` value and number of scored users.
    """
    quality = float(
        np.mean(
            [
                ndcg_at_k(ranked[uid], gold, QUALITY_K)
                for uid, gold in graded.items()
            ]
        )
    )
    return {
        "quality_ndcg@10": round(quality, 6),
        "quality_users": len(graded),
    }
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14981752 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
03

Read public evaluator

+00:14
Tool callBashRead public evaluator Returned

Tool call · Input

cat /task/evaluate_public.py

Tool response

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""Score a validation-stage ranking against public discovery labels.

``build_task.py`` publishes this module with the solver-visible task files. It
loads target users, validation eligibility, and validation-window events from
the adjacent ``data`` directory, then evaluates one ranking supplied on the
command line. Stage-independent mechanics come from the adjacent public
``ranking_evaluation.py`` module. The builder installs the same checked-in
module in the private judge, so public and private scoring mechanics cannot
drift. A relevant candidate receives grade 3 for an organic like or grade 1 for
an organic listen with at least 80 percent completion; a like takes precedence
when both events exist.

Before scoring, the ranking must contain exactly 100 distinct eligible items
for every target user, with integer-valued ``uid``, ``item_id``, and ``rank``
columns and ranks 1 through 100 exactly once per user. Extra columns are
ignored. Quality is graded NDCG@10, averaged only over users who have at least
one eligible relevant item in the validation window.

The evaluator prints a JSON object containing the model path and scores. It
does not apply the task's pass threshold; its purpose is model development and
selection. The private judge applies the threshold to the final submission.

Usage::

    python evaluate_public.py <validation-ranking.parquet|csv>
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import json
import sys
from pathlib import Path

import pandas as pd

from ranking_evaluation import (
    CandidateSet,
    RankingValidationError,
    ranked_items,
    read_ranking,
    score_rankings,
    validate_ranking,
)


HERE = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
DATA = HERE / "data"
LISTEN_STRONG = 80


def validation_truth(
    eligibility: CandidateSet, targets: set[int]
) -> dict[int, dict[int, int]]:
    """Build cutoff-correct graded relevance from public validation events.

    Only target-user events for eligible candidates are retained. Organic
    listens completed to at least 80 percent receive grade 1, and organic likes
    receive grade 3. Repeated user-item events are collapsed, and processing
    likes second ensures that grade 3 wins over grade 1.

    Args:
        eligibility: Validation-cutoff candidate membership service.
        targets: Complete set of target user IDs.

    Returns:
        A nested ``uid -> item_id -> grade`` mapping. Users without an eligible
        relevant event are omitted.
    """
    listens = pd.read_parquet(DATA / "val_listens.parquet")
    likes = pd.read_parquet(DATA / "val_likes.parquet")
    strong = listens[
        listens.uid.isin(targets)
        & (listens.is_organic == 1)
        & (listens.played_ratio_pct >= LISTEN_STRONG)
    ][["uid", "item_id"]].drop_duplicates()
    organic_likes = likes[
        likes.uid.isin(targets) & (likes.is_organic == 1)
    ][["uid", "item_id"]].drop_duplicates()

    graded: dict[int, dict[int, int]] = {}
    for raw_uid, raw_item in strong.itertuples(index=False, name=None):
        uid, item = int(raw_uid), int(raw_item)
        if eligibility.is_eligible(uid, item):
            graded.setdefault(uid, {})[item] = 1
    for raw_uid, raw_item in organic_likes.itertuples(index=False, name=None):
        uid, item = int(raw_uid), int(raw_item)
        if eligibility.is_eligible(uid, item):
            graded.setdefault(uid, {})[item] = 3
    return graded


def load_submission(
    path: Path, eligibility: CandidateSet, targets: set[int]
) -> dict[int, list[int]]:
    """Load and validate a public validation ranking.

    Files ending in ``.parquet`` are read as parquet; every other suffix is
    read as CSV. The required columns must be integer-valued, cover exactly the
    target-user set, contain 100 rows and ranks 1 through 100 per user, avoid
    duplicate user-item pairs, and contain only cutoff-eligible items.

    Args:
        path: Ranking file to read.
        eligibility: Validation-cutoff candidate membership service.
        targets: Exact set of users the ranking must cover.

    Returns:
        A ``uid -> ranked item IDs`` mapping ordered by ascending rank.

    Raises:
        ValueError: If the ranking violates the required schema or invariants.
    """
    frame = validate_ranking(read_ranking(path), targets)
    if not all(
        eligibility.is_eligible(uid, item)
        for uid, item in frame[["uid", "item_id"]].itertuples(index=False, name=None)
    ):
        raise RankingValidationError(
            "submission contains an item rejected by eligibility service"
        )
    return ranked_items(frame)


def score(
    ranked: dict[int, list[int]],
    graded: dict[int, dict[int, int]],
) -> dict[str, float | int]:
    """Aggregate per-user NDCG@10 over users with public relevance labels.

    Args:
        ranked: Ranked item IDs for every target user.
        graded: Eligible validation relevance keyed by user and item.

    Returns:
        The six-decimal ``quality_ndcg@10`` value and number of scored users.
    """
    return score_rankings(ranked, graded)


def main() -> None:
    """Run the public evaluator CLI and print its JSON score report."""
    targets_frame = pd.read_parquet(DATA / "target_users.parquet")
    targets = set(targets_frame.uid.astype(int))
    eligibility = CandidateSet(DATA / "validation_eligible_candidates.npz")
    graded = validation_truth(eligibility, targets)

    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        raise SystemExit(
            "usage: evaluate_public.py <validation-ranking.parquet|csv>"
        )
    path = Path(sys.argv[1])
    ranked = load_submission(path, eligibility, targets)
    print(json.dumps({"model": str(path), "scores": score(ranked, graded)}, indent=2))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
Tool callBashInspect data files Returned

Tool call · Input

python -c "
import pandas as pd, numpy as np, pyarrow.parquet as pq
for f in ['candidate_catalog','target_users','validation_preference_state','test_preference_state']:
    d=pd.read_parquet(f'/task/data/{f}.parquet')
    print(f, d.shape, list(d.columns))
    print(d.head(3))
print(pq.ParquetFile('/task/data/train_listens.parquet').metadata)
"

Tool response

candidate_catalog (30000, 4) ['item_id', 'positive_listens', 'organic_positive_listens', 'popularity_rank']
   item_id  positive_listens  organic_positive_listens  popularity_rank
0  5862961             26615                     20620                1
1  6901374             25536                     17347                2
2  5635052             24691                     17194                3
target_users (8456, 3) ['uid', 'recent_positive_listens', 'history_positive_listens']
   uid  recent_positive_listens  history_positive_listens
0  100                    844.0                      2604
1  200                     50.0                       286
2  300                    168.0                       359
validation_preference_state (469124, 3) ['uid', 'item_id', 'state']
   uid  item_id  state
0  100   410868  liked
1  100   732449  liked
2  100   982903  liked
test_preference_state (484776, 3) ['uid', 'item_id', 'state']
   uid  item_id  state
0  100   410868  liked
1  100   732449  liked
2  100   982903  liked
<pyarrow._parquet.FileMetaData object at 0x78bdd1e72390>
  created_by: parquet-cpp-arrow version 18.1.0
  num_columns: 6
  num_rows: 43484159
  num_row_groups: 42
  format_version: 2.6
  serialized_size: 25540
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14976639 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
04

Check resources

+00:32
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Tool callBashCheck resources Returned

Tool call · Input

free -g; nproc; python -c "import torch;print(torch.__version__)"

Tool response

               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:              15           1           0           0          13          14
Swap:              0           0           0
8
2.8.0+cpu
Tool callBashInspect eligibility Returned

Tool call · Input

mkdir -p solution && python -c "
import numpy as np
z=np.load('/task/data/validation_eligible_candidates.npz')
print({k:(v.shape,v.dtype) for k,v in z.items()})
p=z['packed_eligible']
import numpy as np
n=len(z['item_ids'])
cnt=np.unpackbits(p[:50],axis=1,count=n,bitorder='little').sum(1)
print(cnt[:20], cnt.mean())
"

Tool response

{'uids': ((8456,), dtype('uint32')), 'item_ids': ((30000,), dtype('uint32')), 'packed_eligible': ((8456, 3750), dtype('uint8'))}
[29318 29832 29931 29320 28347 27476 29666 29501 28560 28736 29476 28476
 27836 27959 29626 29355 28904 28594 29529 29364] 29108.8
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14972749 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
05

Prepare compact data

+00:39
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Tool callBashPrepare compact data Returned

Tool call · Input

cd /app/solution && cat > prep.py <<'EOF'
import numpy as np, pandas as pd, pyarrow.parquet as pq, time
t0=time.time()
cat = pd.read_parquet('/task/data/candidate_catalog.parquet')
items = cat.item_id.to_numpy(np.int64)
n_items = len(items)
imap = {int(v):i for i,v in enumerate(items)}
np.save('items.npy', items)

def load_listens(path):
    pf = pq.ParquetFile(path)
    outs=[]
    for b in pf.iter_batches(batch_size=2_000_000, columns=['uid','timestamp','item_id','is_organic','played_ratio_pct']):
        d = b.to_pandas()
        iid = d.item_id.map(imap)
        m = iid.notna()
        d = d[m]
        d['ii'] = iid[m].astype(np.int32)
        outs.append(d[['uid','timestamp','ii','is_organic','played_ratio_pct']].astype(
            {'uid':np.int32,'timestamp':np.int64,'ii':np.int32,'is_organic':np.int8,'played_ratio_pct':np.int16}))
    return pd.concat(outs, ignore_index=True)

for name in ['train','val']:
    L = load_listens(f'/task/data/{name}_listens.parquet')
    L.to_parquet(f'L_{name}.parquet')
    print(name, L.shape, time.time()-t0, flush=True)
    del L

for fam in ['likes','dislikes']:
    for name in ['train','val']:
        d = pd.read_parquet(f'/task/data/{name}_{fam}.parquet')
        iid = d.item_id.map(imap); m=iid.notna(); d=d[m]; d['ii']=iid[m].astype(np.int32)
        d[['uid','timestamp','ii','is_organic']].astype({'uid':np.int32,'timestamp':np.int64,'ii':np.int32,'is_organic':np.int8}).to_parquet(f'{fam[0]}_{name}.parquet')
        print(fam,name,d.shape, flush=True)
print('done', time.time()-t0)
EOF
python prep.py

Tool response

train (31249613, 5) 5.716594219207764
val (1011771, 5) 5.892027139663696
likes train (554824, 5)
likes val (21055, 5)
dislikes train (65321, 5)
dislikes val (2012, 5)
done 6.089343786239624
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14971477 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
06

Timestamp and user stats

+01:23
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Tool callBashTimestamp and user stats Returned

Tool call · Input

python -c "
import pandas as pd, numpy as np
L=pd.read_parquet('L_train.parquet')
print(L.timestamp.min(), L.timestamp.max())
print('users', L.uid.nunique())
V=pd.read_parquet('L_val.parquet'); print('val ts', V.timestamp.min(), V.timestamp.max(), V.uid.nunique())
tu=pd.read_parquet('/task/data/target_users.parquet').uid.to_numpy()
print('target in train users', np.isin(tu, L.uid.unique()).mean())
print(L.played_ratio_pct.describe())
print('organic frac', L.is_organic.mean())
"

Tool response

0 24786795
users 9217
val ts 24788600 25393395 7947
target in train users 0.9995269631031221
count    3.124961e+07
mean     6.550468e+01
std      4.389650e+01
min      0.000000e+00
25%      8.000000e+00
50%      1.000000e+02
75%      1.000000e+02
max      1.590000e+02
Name: played_ratio_pct, dtype: float64
organic frac 0.4998293578867681
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14969147 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
07

Check eligibility semantics

+01:40
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Tool callBashCheck eligibility semantics Returned

Tool call · Input

python -c "
import numpy as np, pandas as pd
z=np.load('/task/data/validation_eligible_candidates.npz')
uids=z['uids'].astype(np.int64); n=30000
p=z['packed_eligible']
items=np.load('items.npy')
# note npz item order vs catalog order
print('same order', (z['item_ids'].astype(np.int64)==items).all())
L=pd.read_parquet('L_train.parquet')
K=pd.read_parquet('l_train.parquet')
D=pd.read_parquet('d_train.parquet')
for r in [0,1,5]:
    u=uids[r]
    elig=np.unpackbits(p[r],count=n,bitorder='little').astype(bool)
    inel=set(np.nonzero(~elig)[0].tolist())
    su=L[L.uid==u]
    seen_all=set(su.ii.unique().tolist())
    seen_pos=set(su[su.played_ratio_pct>=50].ii.unique().tolist())
    liked=set(K[K.uid==u].ii.unique().tolist()); dis=set(D[D.uid==u].ii.unique().tolist())
    print(u, len(inel), 'allseen',len(seen_all),'pos',len(seen_pos),'liked',len(liked),'dis',len(dis))
    print('  inel-liked-dis', len(inel-liked-dis), 'liked+dis not inel', len((liked|dis)-inel))
    print('  inel subset of seen?', len(inel-seen_all))
"

Tool response

same order True
100 682 allseen 682 pos 600 liked 13 dis 2
  inel-liked-dis 667 liked+dis not inel 0
  inel subset of seen? 0
200 168 allseen 168 pos 163 liked 0 dis 0
  inel-liked-dis 168 liked+dis not inel 0
  inel subset of seen? 0
800 2524 allseen 2524 pos 1910 liked 86 dis 14
  inel-liked-dis 2424 liked+dis not inel 0
  inel subset of seen? 0
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14967712 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
08

Build training examples

+02:15
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Tool callBashBuild training examples Returned

Tool call · Input

cat > build.py <<'EOF'
import numpy as np, pandas as pd, time, sys
t0=time.time()
T0=24786800; WEEK=604800
INCLUDE_VAL = (len(sys.argv)>1 and sys.argv[1]=='final')
NI=30000; K=128

def load_events(splits):
    parts=[]
    for s in splits:
        L=pd.read_parquet(f'L_{s}.parquet')
        kind=np.where(L.played_ratio_pct.to_numpy()>=50, np.where(L.is_organic.to_numpy()==1,2,1), 0).astype(np.int8)
        strong=((L.played_ratio_pct.to_numpy()>=80)&(L.is_organic.to_numpy()==1)).astype(np.int8)
        parts.append(pd.DataFrame({'uid':L.uid.to_numpy(),'ts':L.timestamp.to_numpy(),'ii':L.ii.to_numpy(),'kind':kind,'strong':strong}))
        for fam,kd in [('l',3),('d',4)]:
            E=pd.read_parquet(f'{fam}_{s}.parquet')
            parts.append(pd.DataFrame({'uid':E.uid.to_numpy(),'ts':E.timestamp.to_numpy(),'ii':E.ii.to_numpy(),
                'kind':np.full(len(E),kd,np.int8),
                'strong':(np.full(len(E),3,np.int8) if kd==3 else np.zeros(len(E),np.int8))*(E.is_organic.to_numpy()==1)}))
    return pd.concat(parts,ignore_index=True)

ev = load_events(['train','val'] if INCLUDE_VAL else ['train'])
uids = np.sort(ev.uid.unique()); nu=len(uids)
umap = {int(u):i for i,u in enumerate(uids)}
ev['ui']=ev.uid.map(umap).astype(np.int32)
ev = ev.sort_values(['ui','ts'], kind='stable').reset_index(drop=True)
ui=ev.ui.to_numpy(np.int32); ts=ev.ts.to_numpy(np.int64); ii=ev.ii.to_numpy(np.int32)
kind=ev.kind.to_numpy(np.int8); strong=ev.strong.to_numpy(np.int8)
print('events',len(ev),nu,time.time()-t0,flush=True)

# first-interaction time per (user,item)
key = ui.astype(np.int64)*NI + ii
order = np.argsort(key, kind='stable')   # stable keeps ts order within key
ks = key[order]
firstmask = np.empty(len(ks), bool); firstmask[0]=True; firstmask[1:]= ks[1:]!=ks[:-1]
uk = ks[firstmask]; uft = ts[order][firstmask]
is_first = np.zeros(len(ks), bool); is_first[order[firstmask]] = True
print('pairs',len(uk),time.time()-t0,flush=True)

ustart = np.searchsorted(ui, np.arange(nu)); uend = np.searchsorted(ui, np.arange(nu), side='right')

CUT_END = T0 + (WEEK if INCLUDE_VAL else 0)
cuts = [CUT_END - WEEK - int(k*WEEK/2) for k in range(0,16)]
pos_kind = (kind>=1)&(kind<=3)

H=[]; HK=[]; HT=[]; EU=[]; TE=[]; TI=[]; TG=[]
for T in cuts:
    lo = np.searchsorted(ts, T)  # not global, need per-user
    for u in range(nu):
        a,b = ustart[u], uend[u]
        if b<=a: continue
        c = a + np.searchsorted(ts[a:b], T)
        e = a + np.searchsorted(ts[a:b], T+WEEK)
        # targets
        if e>c:
            sl = slice(c,e)
            m = (strong[sl]>0) & is_first[sl]
            if m.any():
                ti = ii[sl][m]; tg = strong[sl][m]
                # dedupe keep max grade
                o=np.argsort(-tg,kind='stable'); ti=ti[o]; tg=tg[o]
                _,uidx=np.unique(ti,return_index=True)
                ti=ti[uidx]; tg=tg[uidx]
            else: continue
        else: continue
        # history: last K positive events before T
        hidx = np.nonzero(pos_kind[a:c])[0]
        if len(hidx)<5: continue
        hidx = hidx[-K:] + a
        L=len(hidx)
        hi=np.zeros(K,np.int32); hk=np.zeros(K,np.int8); ht=np.zeros(K,np.int8)
        hi[K-L:]=ii[hidx]; hk[K-L:]=kind[hidx]
        dt=(T-ts[hidx])/86400.0
        ht[K-L:]=np.clip(np.log1p(dt)*2.0,0,15).astype(np.int8)+1
        eid=len(H)
        H.append(hi); HK.append(hk); HT.append(ht); EU.append(u)
        TE.append(np.full(len(ti),eid,np.int32)); TI.append(ti); TG.append(tg)
    print('cut',T,len(H),time.time()-t0,flush=True)

np.savez_compressed('train_'+('final' if INCLUDE_VAL else 'dev')+'.npz',
    H=np.array(H,np.int32),HK=np.array(HK,np.int8),HT=np.array(HT,np.int8),EU=np.array(EU,np.int32),
    TE=np.concatenate(TE),TI=np.concatenate(TI),TG=np.concatenate(TG).astype(np.int8),
    uids=uids)
print('saved',len(H),sum(len(x) for x in TI),time.time()-t0)
EOF
python build.py 2>&1 | tail -25

Tool response

events 31869758 9979 7.242335319519043
pairs 8054252 9.165929555892944
cut 24182000 4184 9.52771544456482
cut 23879600 8293 9.808139562606812
cut 23577200 12328 10.085317850112915
cut 23274800 16295 10.362085103988647
cut 22972400 20177 10.631194591522217
cut 22670000 23968 10.89437222480774
cut 22367600 27823 11.160430192947388
cut 22065200 31704 11.42930293083191
cut 21762800 35507 11.691993713378906
cut 21460400 39263 11.951335430145264
cut 21158000 42932 12.206868648529053
cut 20855600 46551 12.466639041900635
cut 20553200 50210 12.722816228866577
cut 20250800 53776 12.973493337631226
cut 19948400 57364 13.223674774169922
cut 19646000 60847 13.47585916519165
saved 60847 481369 17.281908750534058
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14963588 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
09

Write model

+03:13
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Tool callBashWrite model Returned

Tool call · Input

cat > model.py <<'EOF'
import numpy as np, torch, torch.nn as nn, torch.nn.functional as F

NI=30000

class ItemTower(nn.Module):
    """Item tower: embedding -> residual MLP -> d-dim vector; plus learned bias appended."""
    def __init__(self, d):
        super().__init__()
        self.emb = nn.Embedding(NI, d)
        nn.init.normal_(self.emb.weight, std=0.05)
        self.f1 = nn.Linear(d, d); self.f2 = nn.Linear(d, d)
        nn.init.zeros_(self.f2.weight); nn.init.zeros_(self.f2.bias)
        self.bias = nn.Embedding(NI, 1); nn.init.zeros_(self.bias.weight)
    def forward(self, idx=None):
        e = self.emb.weight if idx is None else self.emb(idx)
        v = e + self.f2(F.gelu(self.f1(e)))
        b = (self.bias.weight if idx is None else self.bias(idx)).squeeze(-1)
        return v, b

class UserTower(nn.Module):
    """User tower: weighted pooling over history item embeddings -> residual MLP."""
    def __init__(self, d, n_kind=5, n_time=17):
        super().__init__()
        self.emb = nn.Embedding(NI, d, padding_idx=None)
        nn.init.normal_(self.emb.weight, std=0.05)
        self.kw = nn.Embedding(n_kind, 1); nn.init.zeros_(self.kw.weight)
        self.tw = nn.Embedding(n_time, 1); nn.init.zeros_(self.tw.weight)
        self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(d)
        self.f1 = nn.Linear(d, 2*d); self.f2 = nn.Linear(2*d, d)
        nn.init.zeros_(self.f2.weight); nn.init.zeros_(self.f2.bias)
        self.scale = nn.Parameter(torch.tensor(3.0))
    def forward(self, H, HK, HT):
        mask = (HK > 0).float()                      # (B,K)
        h = self.emb(H)                              # (B,K,d)
        logit = (self.kw(HK) + self.tw(HT)).squeeze(-1)
        w = torch.exp(logit.clamp(-6, 6)) * mask
        w = w / (w.sum(1, keepdim=True) + 1e-6)
        pooled = torch.einsum('bk,bkd->bd', w, h)
        z = self.ln(pooled)
        u = z + self.f2(F.gelu(self.f1(z)))
        return u * F.softplus(self.scale)

class TwoTower(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, d=64):
        super().__init__()
        self.user = UserTower(d); self.item = ItemTower(d)
    def user_vec(self, H, HK, HT):
        u = self.user(H, HK, HT)
        return torch.cat([u, torch.ones(u.shape[0], 1, dtype=u.dtype)], 1)
    def item_vec(self, idx=None):
        v, b = self.item(idx)
        return torch.cat([v, b.unsqueeze(-1)], -1)
EOF
echo ok

Tool response

ok
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14960694 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
10

Benchmark one epoch

+03:34
Tool callBashBenchmark one epoch Returned

Tool call · Input

cat > train.py <<'EOF'
import numpy as np, torch, torch.nn as nn, torch.nn.functional as F, time, sys, os
from model import TwoTower, NI
torch.set_num_threads(8)

tag = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv)>1 else 'dev'
EPOCHS = int(os.environ.get('EPOCHS','6')); D=int(os.environ.get('D','64'))
LR=float(os.environ.get('LR','3e-3')); B=int(os.environ.get('B','1024'))
NEG=int(os.environ.get('NEG','30000'))

z=np.load(f'train_{tag}.npz')
H=torch.from_numpy(z['H'].astype(np.int64)); HK=torch.from_numpy(z['HK'].astype(np.int64)); HT=torch.from_numpy(z['HT'].astype(np.int64))
TE=torch.from_numpy(z['TE'].astype(np.int64)); TI=torch.from_numpy(z['TI'].astype(np.int64)); TG=torch.from_numpy(z['TG'].astype(np.float32))
W = torch.where(TG>=3, 1.6, 1.0)
N=len(TE); print('pairs',N,'examples',len(H),flush=True)

m=TwoTower(D)
opt=torch.optim.AdamW(m.parameters(), lr=LR, weight_decay=1e-5)
steps=EPOCHS*((N+B-1)//B)
sched=torch.optim.lr_scheduler.OneCycleLR(opt, max_lr=LR, total_steps=steps, pct_start=0.15)
t0=time.time(); step=0
for ep in range(EPOCHS):
    perm=torch.randperm(N)
    tot=0.0; nb=0
    for s in range(0,N,B):
        idx=perm[s:s+B]
        e=TE[idx]; tgt=TI[idx]
        u=m.user_vec(H[e],HK[e],HT[e])
        if NEG>=NI:
            v=m.item_vec()
            [email protected]
        else:
            neg=torch.randint(0,NI,(NEG,))
            cand=torch.cat([tgt,neg])
            v=m.item_vec(cand)
            [email protected]
            tgt=torch.arange(len(idx))
        logits=logits.scatter(1, H[e], -1e4) if NEG>=NI else logits
        loss=(F.cross_entropy(logits,tgt,reduction='none')*W[idx]).mean()
        opt.zero_grad(); loss.backward(); opt.step(); sched.step()
        tot+=loss.item(); nb+=1; step+=1
    print(f'ep{ep} loss {tot/nb:.4f} {time.time()-t0:.0f}s',flush=True)
torch.save(m.state_dict(), f'model_{tag}.pt')
print('saved', time.time()-t0)
EOF
EPOCHS=1 timeout 600 python train.py dev 2>&1 | tail -5

Tool response

Command did not complete within its 120s timeout and was moved to the background (ID: bfetsbz4b). Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-1000/-app/746159f9-6934-411c-832b-430fa9886b51/tasks/bfetsbz4b.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14959533 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
11

Write inference script

+05:41
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Tool callBashWrite inference script Returned

Tool call · Input

cat > infer.py <<'EOF'
"""Build user histories at a cutoff, score all catalog items, emit top-100 ranking."""
import numpy as np, pandas as pd, torch, sys, time
from model import TwoTower, NI
torch.set_num_threads(8)
T0=24786800; WEEK=604800; K=128

def build_hist(splits, T):
    parts=[]
    for s in splits:
        L=pd.read_parquet(f'L_{s}.parquet')
        kind=np.where(L.played_ratio_pct.to_numpy()>=50, np.where(L.is_organic.to_numpy()==1,2,1),0).astype(np.int8)
        parts.append(pd.DataFrame({'uid':L.uid.to_numpy(),'ts':L.timestamp.to_numpy(),'ii':L.ii.to_numpy(),'kind':kind}))
        for fam,kd in [('l',3),('d',4)]:
            E=pd.read_parquet(f'{fam}_{s}.parquet')
            parts.append(pd.DataFrame({'uid':E.uid.to_numpy(),'ts':E.timestamp.to_numpy(),'ii':E.ii.to_numpy(),'kind':np.full(len(E),kd,np.int8)}))
    ev=pd.concat(parts,ignore_index=True)
    ev=ev[ev.ts<T]
    ev=ev.sort_values(['uid','ts'],kind='stable')
    return ev

def main(tag, split, out):
    T = T0 if split=='validation' else T0+WEEK+1800
    splits = ['train'] if split=='validation' else ['train','val']
    ev=build_hist(splits, T)
    z=np.load(f'/task/data/{split}_eligible_candidates.npz')
    uids=z['uids'].astype(np.int64); packed=z['packed_eligible']
    g = {u: d for u,d in ev.groupby('uid')}
    m=TwoTower(int(__import__('os').environ.get('D','64'))); m.load_state_dict(torch.load(f'model_{tag}.pt')); m.eval()
    with torch.no_grad():
        V=m.item_vec()
    nu=len(uids)
    Hs=np.zeros((nu,K),np.int64); HKs=np.zeros((nu,K),np.int64); HTs=np.zeros((nu,K),np.int64)
    for r,u in enumerate(uids):
        d=g.get(u)
        if d is None: continue
        kk=d.kind.to_numpy(); msk=(kk>=1)&(kk<=3)
        if msk.sum()==0: continue
        ii=d.ii.to_numpy()[msk][-K:]; ts=d.ts.to_numpy()[msk][-K:]; kk=kk[msk][-K:]
        L=len(ii)
        Hs[r,K-L:]=ii; HKs[r,K-L:]=kk
        dt=(T-ts)/86400.0
        HTs[r,K-L:]=np.clip(np.log1p(dt)*2.0,0,15).astype(np.int64)+1
    rows_u=[];rows_i=[];rows_r=[]
    t0=time.time()
    with torch.no_grad():
        for s in range(0,nu,256):
            e=slice(s,min(s+256,nu))
            U=m.user_vec(torch.from_numpy(Hs[e]),torch.from_numpy(HKs[e]),torch.from_numpy(HTs[e]))
            sc=([email protected]).numpy()
            elig=np.unpackbits(packed[e],axis=1,count=NI,bitorder='little').astype(bool)
            sc[~elig]=-1e9
            top=np.argpartition(-sc,100,axis=1)[:,:100]
            ord_=np.take_along_axis(sc,top,1).argsort(1)[:,::-1]
            top=np.take_along_axis(top,ord_,1)
            for j in range(top.shape[0]):
                rows_u.append(np.full(100,uids[s+j])); rows_i.append(top[j]); rows_r.append(np.arange(1,101))
    items=np.load('items.npy')
    df=pd.DataFrame({'uid':np.concatenate(rows_u),'item_id':items[np.concatenate(rows_i)],'rank':np.concatenate(rows_r)})
    df.to_parquet(out,index=False)
    print('wrote',out,df.shape,time.time()-t0)

if __name__=='__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3])
EOF
echo ok; sleep 45; cat /tmp/claude-1000/-app/746159f9-6934-411c-832b-430fa9886b51/tasks/bfetsbz4b.output

Tool response

ok
pairs 481369 examples 60847
ep0 loss 13.2226 129s
saved 129.19863605499268

[exited with code 0]
Harness context queued command
{
  "type": "queued_command",
  "prompt": "<task-notification>\n<task-id>bfetsbz4b</task-id>\n<tool-use-id>toolu_01E6hcVR7FBhrxdBtYMmfhGs</tool-use-id>\n<output-file>/tmp/claude-1000/-app/746159f9-6934-411c-832b-430fa9886b51/tasks/bfetsbz4b.output</output-file>\n<status>completed</status>\n<summary>Background command \"Benchmark one epoch\" completed (exit code 0)</summary>\n</task-notification>",
  "commandMode": "task-notification",
  "timestamp": "2026-08-29T01:00:57.778Z"
}
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14957321 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
12

Start dev training

+06:55
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Tool callBashStart dev training Returned

Tool call · Input

python - <<'EOF'
import re
s=open('train.py').read()
s=s.replace("""            neg=torch.randint(0,NI,(NEG,))
            cand=torch.cat([tgt,neg])
            v=m.item_vec(cand)
            [email protected]
            tgt=torch.arange(len(idx))
        logits=logits.scatter(1, H[e], -1e4) if NEG>=NI else logits""",
"""            nb_=len(idx)
            neg=torch.randint(0,NI,(NEG,))
            cand=torch.cat([tgt,neg])
            v=m.item_vec(cand)
            [email protected]
            off=(~torch.eye(nb_,dtype=torch.bool))
            logits[:, :nb_]=logits[:, :nb_].masked_fill(off, -1e4)
            tgt=torch.arange(nb_)
        if NEG>=NI:
            Hp=torch.where(HK[e]>0, H[e], torch.full_like(H[e], NI))
            logits=torch.cat([logits, torch.zeros(len(idx),1)],1).scatter(1,Hp,-1e4)[:, :NI]""")
open('train.py','w').write(s)
EOF
EPOCHS=7 NEG=8192 nohup python train.py dev > log_dev.txt 2>&1 &
echo started

Tool response

started
Tool callBashWrite fallback submission Returned

Tool call · Input

python - <<'EOF'
# popularity fallback submission (valid structure), replaced later by the model
import numpy as np, pandas as pd
items=np.load('items.npy')
for split,out in [('test','submission.parquet')]:
    z=np.load(f'/task/data/{split}_eligible_candidates.npz')
    uids=z['uids'].astype(np.int64); p=z['packed_eligible']
    U=[];I=[];R=[]
    for r,u in enumerate(uids):
        e=np.unpackbits(p[r],count=30000,bitorder='little').astype(bool)
        top=np.nonzero(e)[0][:100]
        U.append(np.full(100,u)); I.append(items[top]); R.append(np.arange(1,101))
    pd.DataFrame({'uid':np.concatenate(U),'item_id':np.concatenate(I),'rank':np.concatenate(R)}).to_parquet(out,index=False)
    print(out,'ok')
EOF
ls -la /app/solution/

Tool response

submission.parquet ok
total 258992
drwxr-xr-x 1 agent agent      4096 Aug 29 01:02 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 agent agent      4096 Aug 29 00:50 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent 217770474 Aug 29 00:56 L_train.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent   5400977 Aug 29 00:56 L_val.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      3869 Aug 29 00:57 build.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent   1014430 Aug 29 00:56 d_train.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     38667 Aug 29 00:56 d_val.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      2992 Aug 29 01:01 infer.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent    240128 Aug 29 00:55 items.npy
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent   6452661 Aug 29 00:56 l_train.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent    324512 Aug 29 00:56 l_val.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent        28 Aug 29 01:02 log_dev.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      2328 Aug 29 00:58 model.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  15586015 Aug 29 01:00 model_dev.pt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      1509 Aug 29 00:55 prep.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent    735840 Aug 29 01:02 submission.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      2102 Aug 29 01:02 train.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  17586342 Aug 29 00:58 train_dev.npz
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14955006 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
13

Check training progress

+07:08
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Tool callBashCheck training progress Returned

Tool call · Input

sleep 75; cat log_dev.txt

Tool response

pairs 481369 examples 60847
ep0 loss 9.1428 72s
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14954133 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
14

Build final training data

+08:31
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Tool callBashBuild final training data Returned

Tool call · Input

python build.py final 2>&1 | tail -3

Tool response

cut 20553200 58765 18.22291874885559
cut 20250800 62331 18.556025981903076
saved 62331 496725 23.13249659538269
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14953454 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
15

Wait for training

+08:59
Tool callBashWait for training Error

Tool call · Input

sleep 180; cat log_dev.txt

Tool response · Tool error

Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14953287 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
16

Check training progress

+11:01
Tool callBashCheck training progress Returned

Tool call · Input

sleep 110; cat log_dev.txt

Tool response

pairs 481369 examples 60847
ep0 loss 9.1428 72s
ep1 loss 6.7475 164s
ep2 loss 5.1105 236s
ep3 loss 4.2862 308s
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14953147 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
17

Wait then launch final training

+12:54
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Tool callBashWait then launch final training Returned

Tool call · Input

while [ ! -f model_dev.pt ] || ! grep -q saved log_dev.txt; do sleep 10; done; cat log_dev.txt; EPOCHS=7 NEG=8192 nohup python train.py final > log_final.txt 2>&1 & echo launched_final

Options

{
  "timeout": 400000
}

Tool response

pairs 481369 examples 60847
ep0 loss 9.1428 72s
ep1 loss 6.7475 164s
ep2 loss 5.1105 236s
ep3 loss 4.2862 308s
ep4 loss 3.6791 381s
ep5 loss 3.1796 453s
ep6 loss 2.8427 525s
saved 524.9852547645569
launched_final
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14952698 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
18

Score validation ranking

+15:58
Tool callBashScore validation ranking Returned

Tool call · Input

python infer.py dev validation validation.parquet && python /task/evaluate_public.py validation.parquet

Options

{
  "timeout": 420000
}

Tool response

wrote validation.parquet (845600, 3) 4.3042497634887695
{
  "model": "validation.parquet",
  "scores": {
    "quality_ndcg@10": 0.014165,
    "quality_users": 4263
  }
}
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14952405 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
19

Popularity baseline score

+16:28
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Tool callBashPopularity baseline score Returned

Tool call · Input

python - <<'EOF' && python /task/evaluate_public.py pop_val.parquet
import numpy as np, pandas as pd
items=np.load('items.npy')
z=np.load('/task/data/validation_eligible_candidates.npz')
uids=z['uids'].astype(np.int64); p=z['packed_eligible']
U=[];I=[];R=[]
for r,u in enumerate(uids):
    e=np.unpackbits(p[r],count=30000,bitorder='little').astype(bool)
    top=np.nonzero(e)[0][:100]
    U.append(np.full(100,u)); I.append(items[top]); R.append(np.arange(1,101))
pd.DataFrame({'uid':np.concatenate(U),'item_id':np.concatenate(I),'rank':np.concatenate(R)}).to_parquet('pop_val.parquet',index=False)
EOF

Tool response

{
  "model": "pop_val.parquet",
  "scores": {
    "quality_ndcg@10": 0.01071,
    "quality_users": 4263
  }
}
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14951780 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
20

Write README, check final training

+16:57
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Tool callBashWrite README, check final training Returned

Tool call · Input

cat > README.md <<'EOF'
# Two-tower discovery ranker (CPU PyTorch)

## Problem framing
Rank, for each target user, the 100 best *previously-unseen* catalog tracks from
that user's cutoff-correct eligible candidate set. Eligibility was verified to be
"catalog items the user has never listened to / liked / disliked before the
cutoff", so the task is strictly new-item discovery. Training mirrors this:
targets are **first-ever** organic interactions in the seven days after a cutoff.

## Architecture (`model.py`)
Score(u, i) = `user_vec(u) · item_vec(i)` — an exact dot product of two
independently computable vectors of dimension `d+1` (d=64), so item vectors can be
built offline and served through maximum-inner-product search, and only the user
vector is computed per request.

* **Item tower** (`ItemTower`): item-ID embedding -> residual MLP
  (`e + W2 gelu(W1 e)`) -> `d` dims, concatenated with a learned per-item bias
  scalar. No user input, so it is fully precomputable.
* **User tower** (`UserTower`): **no user-ID lookup**. It takes the last 128
  positive history events (played_ratio >= 50% listens, plus likes) and embeds
  each item with a separate history embedding table. Events are pooled with
  learned attention-free weights `exp(kind_weight + recency_bucket_weight)`,
  normalized to sum to 1, then passed through LayerNorm and a residual MLP
  (`d -> 2d -> d`) and scaled by a learned temperature. A constant `1` is
  appended so the item-bias dimension contributes.

Both towers are `nn.Module`s trained jointly. Nothing global is factorized: the
model never materializes or decomposes a user x item matrix, and the user tower
generalizes to unseen users from their history alone.

## Training objective (`build.py`, `train.py`)
Sampled-softmax (cross-entropy) next-window retrieval. Training examples are
generated at 16 rolling cutoffs spaced 3.5 days apart across the last ~8 weeks of
the observed period. For each (user, cutoff): history = the last 128 positive
events strictly before the cutoff; positives = items the user *first* interacts
with organically in the following 7 days, at 80%+ completion (grade 1) or via an
organic like (grade 3). Grade-3 positives are up-weighted 1.6x. Negatives are
8192 uniformly sampled catalog items per step (other rows' positives are masked
out of the denominator so the sampler stays uniform). AdamW + OneCycle, 7 epochs,
batch 1024, ~480k (history, positive) pairs.

## Results
* Public validation graded NDCG@10: **0.014165** (4263 scored users)
* Popularity-ordered eligible-candidate baseline: 0.010710

## Refit and submission
The selected configuration is refit on `train_* + val_*` (validation events become
observed history, cutoffs shifted forward one week), then applied at the test
cutoff.

```sh
python prep.py                          # compact catalog-restricted event tables
python build.py                         # validation-stage training examples
EPOCHS=7 NEG=8192 python train.py dev    # validation model
python infer.py dev validation validation.parquet
python /task/evaluate_public.py validation.parquet

python build.py final                    # refit examples (train + val)
EPOCHS=7 NEG=8192 python train.py final
python infer.py final test submission.parquet   # -> /app/solution/submission.parquet
```
EOF
sleep 60; cat log_final.txt

Tool response

pairs 496725 examples 62331
ep0 loss 9.1245 99s
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14949124 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
21

Check final training

+18:17
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Tool callBashCheck final training Returned

Tool call · Input

sleep 115; cat log_final.txt

Tool response

pairs 496725 examples 62331
ep0 loss 9.1245 99s
ep1 loss 6.7656 174s
ep2 loss 5.1505 249s
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14948855 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
22

Wait for final training

+20:14
Tool callBashWait for final training Returned

Tool call · Input

while ! grep -q saved log_final.txt; do sleep 15; done; cat log_final.txt

Options

{
  "timeout": 500000
}

Tool response

pairs 496725 examples 62331
ep0 loss 9.1245 99s
ep1 loss 6.7656 174s
ep2 loss 5.1505 249s
ep3 loss 4.3293 324s
ep4 loss 3.7280 399s
ep5 loss 3.2250 474s
ep6 loss 2.8903 549s
saved 549.1137042045593
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14948640 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
23

Generate and validate test submission

+25:19
Tool callBashGenerate and validate test submission Returned

Tool call · Input

python infer.py final test sub_tmp.parquet && python - <<'EOF'
import pandas as pd, numpy as np, sys
sys.path.insert(0,'/task')
from ranking_evaluation import CandidateSet, validate_ranking, read_ranking
from pathlib import Path
t=set(pd.read_parquet('/task/data/target_users.parquet').uid.astype(int))
f=validate_ranking(read_ranking(Path('sub_tmp.parquet')), t)
cs=CandidateSet(Path('/task/data/test_eligible_candidates.npz'))
bad=sum(1 for u,i in f[['uid','item_id']].itertuples(index=False,name=None) if not cs.is_eligible(u,i))
print('ineligible',bad,'rows',len(f))
assert bad==0
import shutil; shutil.move('sub_tmp.parquet','submission.parquet')
print('submission written')
EOF

Options

{
  "timeout": 400000
}

Tool response

wrote sub_tmp.parquet (845600, 3) 1.428253412246704
ineligible 0 rows 845600
submission written
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14948065 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
24

Clean large intermediates and list

+25:38
Tool callBashClean large intermediates and list Returned

Tool call · Input

rm -f L_train.parquet L_val.parquet pop_val.parquet; ls -la /app/solution/

Tool response

total 76680
drwxr-xr-x 1 agent agent     4096 Aug 29 01:20 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 agent agent     4096 Aug 29 00:50 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     3281 Aug 29 01:12 README.md
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     3869 Aug 29 00:57 build.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  1014430 Aug 29 00:56 d_train.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent    38667 Aug 29 00:56 d_val.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     2992 Aug 29 01:01 infer.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent   240128 Aug 29 00:55 items.npy
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  6452661 Aug 29 00:56 l_train.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent   324512 Aug 29 00:56 l_val.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      198 Aug 29 01:10 log_dev.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent      198 Aug 29 01:20 log_final.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     2328 Aug 29 00:58 model.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent 15586015 Aug 29 01:10 model_dev.pt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent 15586059 Aug 29 01:20 model_final.pt
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     1509 Aug 29 00:55 prep.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  1810207 Aug 29 01:20 submission.parquet
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent     2102 Aug 29 01:02 train.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent 17586342 Aug 29 00:58 train_dev.npz
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent 18004976 Aug 29 01:04 train_final.npz
-rw-r--r-- 1 agent agent  1809426 Aug 29 01:11 validation.parquet
Harness context total tokens reminder
{
  "type": "total_tokens_reminder",
  "text": "<total_tokens>14947878 tokens left</total_tokens>"
}
25

Final response

+25:49

Model text

Done. /app/solution/submission.parquet is written, validated (845,600 rows, all ranks 1–100, zero ineligible items).

What was built

A two-tower PyTorch model where the final score is exactly user_vec · item_vec over 65 dims (64 learned + 1 constant/bias dim), so item vectors are fully precomputable for MIPS and only one user vector is computed per request.

  • Item tower: item embedding → residual MLP → 64-d, concatenated with a learned per-item bias scalar.
  • User tower: no user-ID lookup. Last 128 positive history events (≥50% listens + likes) → history embedding table → learned weighted pooling (exp(kind_weight + recency_bucket_weight), normalized) → LayerNorm → residual MLP → learned temperature scale.
  • No global user-item matrix is ever formed or factorized; training is minibatch sampled-softmax.

Training setup: 16 rolling cutoffs spaced 3.5 days apart. For each (user, cutoff): history is the last 128 positives before the cutoff; positives are items the user interacts with for the first time organically in the next 7 days (≥80% completion → grade 1, organic like → grade 3, up-weighted 1.6×). This mirrors the eligibility semantics, which I verified are "catalog items never interacted with before the cutoff" — the task is strictly new-item discovery. 8192 uniform negatives per step with other rows' positives masked out of the denominator. AdamW + OneCycle, 7 epochs, ~480k pairs.

Scores

  • Public validation graded NDCG@10: 0.014165 (4263 scored users)
  • Popularity-ordered eligible-candidate baseline: 0.010710 (+32% relative)

Refit: the same configuration was refit on train_* + val_* with cutoffs shifted forward one week, then applied at the test cutoff.

One caveat worth flagging: the training loss was still dropping steeply at epoch 7 on both runs, so the model is likely undertrained rather than overfit. With more wall clock, the highest-value next step is simply a longer schedule (12–15 epochs), followed by a larger d and a sequence encoder over the history instead of weighted pooling. I did not have time to validate a longer schedule, so I shipped the configuration I could actually measure.

About this recording

The full recorded conversation: task prompt, agent messages, thinking text when available, tool inputs and outputs, and harness context. Empty thinking entries are labeled unavailable, not reconstructed from tool calls. Disclosures change the view; they do not shorten the content. Any truncation already present in tool output is preserved.

Steps follow the recorded model messages and reasoning events. Tool results appear with their originating call. Elapsed time starts with the first recorded event and excludes verification.

Attempt
run-002-opus-high-2026-08-28T17-34-10
Recorded model
claude-opus-5
Harness version
2.1.251
Session
746159f9-6934-411c-832b-430fa9886b51
Source SHA-256
bd114892099f73af62ab2d1df07d338c723fb8f77eae6707b2af819df7c620e3

Session bookkeeping and encrypted reasoning or signatures are excluded from the reading export. The harness’s system prompt is not present in this session archive.